Air Force Museum
Curtiss C-46D Commando
The C-46 was developed from the new and unproven commercial aircraft design, the CW-20, which first flew in March 1940. Deliveries of AAF C-46s began in July 1942 for the Air Transport Command and Troop Carrier Command. During World War II, the USAAF accepted 3,144 C-46s for hauling cargo and personnel and for towing gliders.
In depth
History & service
The C-46 was developed from the new and unproven commercial aircraft design, the CW-20, which first flew in March 1940. Deliveries of AAF C-46s began in July 1942 for the Air Transport Command and Troop Carrier Command. During World War II, the USAAF accepted 3,144 C-46s for hauling cargo and personnel and for towing gliders. Of this total, 1,410 were C-46Ds.
The C-46 gained its greatest fame during WWII transporting war materials over the "Hump" from India to China after the Japanese had closed the Burma Road. C-46 flights on the treacherous air route over the Himalayas began in May 1943. The Commando carried more cargo than the famous C-47 and offered better performance at higher altitudes, but under these difficult flying conditions, C-46s required extensive maintenance and had a relatively high loss rate.
In Europe, C-46s dropped paratroopers during the aerial crossing of the Rhine River near Wesel in March 1945. C-46s saw additional service during the Korean War.
The C-46D on display is painted as a C-46 flying the Hump in 1944. This aircraft was retired from USAF service in Panama in 1968 and was flown to the museum in 1972.
The aircraft in figures
Armament: None · Engines: Two Pratt & Whitney R-2800s of 2,000 hp each · Maximum speed: 245 mph · Cruising speed: 175 mph · Range: 1,200 miles · Ceiling: 27,600 ft. · Span: 108 ft. · Length: 76 ft. 4 in. · Height: 22 ft. · Weight: 51,000 lbs. maximum
The work behind a record flight
Long-distance flying exposed the difference between an aircraft's advertised performance and the demands of a real journey. More fuel extended range but increased takeoff weight. A route that looked direct on a map might cross hostile weather, mountains, or ocean with few options for landing. Navigation, fatigue, engine reliability, and access to fuel could matter as much as speed.
Record flights made individual pilots famous, but their preparation drew on a much wider circle. Mechanics inspected and modified aircraft. Weather specialists helped assess routes. Manufacturers supplied parts and advice. Ground organizations arranged fuel, communications, and recovery. Some journeys were feats of endurance; others were surveys intended to show where dependable future routes might run.
The human stories are strongest when those practical details remain visible. A pilot's courage did not remove risk; it operated alongside planning, experience, and judgment. The surviving aircraft can reveal what the mission demanded through its fuel capacity, cockpit arrangement, engine installation, and provisions for navigation. Related objects in other museums supply the rest of the picture: an engine, a pressure suit, a radio, or a later transport that made the once-exceptional route routine. A record becomes more meaningful when it can be connected to what followed.
