America's Top Two Aces

History & service

In the air over Hollandia on April 12, 1944, Maj. Bong scored his 26th and 27th victories to break the previous record of 26 set by Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker during World War I. Maj. Bong scored 28 air-to-air victories. When he returned to the Pacific for his second tour, he was assigned as a gunnery instructor. He voluntarily flew numerous combat missions and in "self defense" scored 12 more victories to bring his total to 40, making him the highest scoring ace in American history. He lost his life in the crash of a P-80 jet aircraft in August 1945 at Burbank, Calif.

Maj. Thomas B. McGuire scored 38 aerial victories in a P-38, making him America's second highest scoring ace. Among his many decorations was the Medal of Honor awarded for his actions on Dec. 25-26, 1944, when he shot down seven enemy aircraft. On Jan. 7, 1945, he crashed to his death on Los Negros Island in the Philippines while risking an extremely hazardous maneuver at low altitude in an attempt to save the life of a comrade. McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey is named in his honor.

Performance was only part of the contest

A fighter's speed, climb, range, visibility, and armament shaped what it could do, but those qualities did not act alone. Training, tactics, warning systems, maintenance, fuel, and the condition of the airfield influenced every encounter. The aircraft that looks best in a table might be at a disadvantage at the wrong altitude, carrying the wrong load, or arriving with too little fuel to remain in the fight.

Escort missions demonstrate the importance of purpose. A fighter defending bombers had responsibilities beyond pursuing an opponent. It needed sufficient range, a useful position, and the discipline to remain with the force it protected. Ground attack imposed different demands, including visibility, endurance near the target, and the ability to survive damage from below.

Comparing aircraft across museums is most rewarding when the mission remains in view. An early pursuit biplane, a wartime piston fighter, and a Cold War jet represent different technologies, but all were part of a larger operational system. Personal accounts reveal how pilots worked within those limits. They also show why claims of individual success need context: weather, surprise, teamwork, and opportunities created by others shaped the outcome. The aircraft provides the physical evidence; the surrounding stories explain how people used it and what that use cost.